Background: Phototherapy is an important modality in dermatology and the number of skin diseases which can be controlled with it IS mcreasmg. In order to start treatment, the first DOSE of phototherapy is determined by measurement of minimal erythema DOSE (MED) in each patient individually or according to patient"s skin type. Objective: To determine the relationship of skin type with MED in patients under UV phototherapy referred to Razi Hospital in Tehran Patients and Methods: In patients referred to Razi Hospital in 1381(2002-2003) for UVB phototherapy, skin type was determined according to Fitzpatrick"s classification and MED was measured using a UV-meter. Age, sex and the disease of the patients were also recorded. The data were analysed using one way ANOVA and Welch tests. Results: Eighty patients including 39 males and 41 females were studied. The mean age of the patients was 32 years (SD=15.8). Their diseases include psonasls, vitiligo, parapsoriasis, pityriasis lichenoides chronica, perforating disorder and patch stage mycosis fungoides. The mean of MED in 17patients with skin type Il was 111.8±39.2, in 42 patients with skin type III was 105.9±43.1 and in 21 patients with skin type IV was l14.3±39.2 mJ/cm2 , with no significant statistical difference. Conclusion: The first DOSE of phototherapy could not be determined based on skin type and measurement of MED is necessary in each patient.

Background: NOISE Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is an important occupational disorder and the protection of workers against NOISE is essential.   Objective: To ‏ evaluate the NOISE induced hearing loss and also presenting a statistical model based on effective variables such as the duration of employment and DOSE of received NOISE. Methods: ‏This study was carried out on workers of a cleaners manufacturing industry. The study group composed of 209 subjects who were selected out of a total of 400 workers. The hearing loss was measured after rejection of age related loss. Following elimination of the effect of ear protective device, the DOSE of pure received NOISE for each subject was determined. Finding: The results indicated that the NOISE pressure level in different parts of the manufacturing unit was 76-107 dBA. The mean of employment duration, DOSE of pure received NOISE and total permanent hearing loss were 9.9±6.9, 135.4±11.51, and 12.52±4.1, respectively. The regression analysis of results showed that there was a direct and positive correlation between permanent hearing loss, DOSE of NOISE and the duration of employment (r=0.84,r2=0.77). This was a significant correlation for both right (r=0.77, r2=0.6) and left ears (r=0.8, r2=0.64). The survey of hearing loss in both ears showed that the hearing loss in left ear was greater than that in right ear. Regarding the data obtained in our study, models for calculating the either, left or right hearing loss, were recommended by determining DOSE and the duration of employment in study group.Conclusion: Considering the NIHL, the necessity for improvement of controlling and protection measures is of prime importance.

Introduction: Cochlear dead zones are defined as areas where the inner hair cells have been destroyed.Thresholds on the audiograms show the integrity of those parts of the ear that are tested. Care must be taken in interpretating audiograms. Thanks to the advances in understanding of cochlear functions, it is now possible to spot false responses that come from dead zones of the cochlea. Recently, cochlear dead regions have been detected via TEN (Threshold Equalizing NOISE) test in which ipsilateral broadband NOISE and threshold shifting are used.Materials and Methods: A review of the literature on the subject of dead zones published from 1993 to 2003 was performed using Pubmed, Ebsco, Science Direct, Google Scholar Thieme ProQuest databases and library sources. key word: were "cochlear dead zone", "traveling wave", "ten (threshold equalizing NOISE) test", "ipsilateral NOISE" and "real-ear measurement for hearing aids prescription".Conclusion: Hearing aids fitting process for patients with severe and sloping sensory neural hearing loss must be noted specially by amplifying active zone and avoiding amplification for dead region i.e., offering amplification to the transition frequencies that have better hearing than others, those among the fine regions and the dead zones. Dead zone detection may help in hearing aids fitting and fine tuning.

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the NOISE-coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the NOISE-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The NOISE-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order NOISE-coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the NOISE transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new NOISE-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order NOISE shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-NOISE and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

Organ DOSE and effective DOSE were estimated for one hundred patients (50 males and 50 females) who were reffered to Mashhad Ghaem Hospital for chest X-ray examination.ODS-60 software was employed for organ DOSE calculation. This software is capable of computing absorbed DOSE of 26 organs as well as effective DOSE. This programme is based on the ICRP-60 recommendation and Monte Carlo technique. Our results show that in PA chest X-ray lung absorbs the highest DOSE. The average value for males and females equals to 1.01± 0.14 and 0.58±0.10 mGy respectively. The resulting effective DOSE for men and women are equal to 0.246 ±0.034 and 0.178±0.033 mSv accordingly.Effective DOSEs obtained from this research were compared with the results of other workers, also with NRPB national reference DOSE levels. It is concluded that effective DOSE as computed in this work is several times higher than similar quantities published by other workers. It implies that X-ray diagnostic procedures in Mashhad Ghaem Hospital should be re-examined and all efforts have to be made to reduce patient DOSE.

The post-operative pain management by a single DOSE of solcosery paste was evaluated. Eighteen patients (nine men,nine women)suffering from mild to moderate adult periodontitis were selected. In The treatment group the solcoserylpaste was applied on the surgical area. There was no significant difference between the treatment control group.

In this paper, a novel LNA design based on improved NOISE cancellation technique in the frequency range of 27 to 31 GHz.is presented The proposed LNA is suitable for millimeter wave 5G wireless communication. The first stage of this two-stage LNA is designed with NOISE cancelation approach to decrease the NOISE figure of the system. In order to improve the design method, we utilizes a negative feedback by implementing a couple inductor with a transformer connection. The negative feedback provides an acceptable input matching and control the gain to increase the band width. The cascode structure is used in the second stage for its higher gain and stability and better reverse isolation at millimeter wave frequency. Furthermore, an inductor is utilized to boost the gain with neutralizing the capacitance of node between two transistors in a cascode structure. The CMOS silicon on insulator (SOI) is utilized to provide a high level of integration and low power consumption with the minimum cost. The proposed LNA is designed with 130 nm CMOS technology and has 22.14 dB gain with 1.86 dB NOISE figure at 29 GHz. The 3-dB bandwidth of the designed LNA is 4 GHz (14%) and its DC power consumption is 33.4 mW. The IIP3 is -16dBm and input reflection coefficient is better than -10dBm in the frequency range of interest. The proposed LNA is simulated by ADS software.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: NOISE-induced hearing loss remains as the most common problem in industrial societies. This research was conducted to study NOISE-induced hearing loss by distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).METHODS: This study was carried out on 12 male New Zealand White rabbits including control (exposed to NOISE) and experimental (exposed to 95 dBA SPL white NOISE at 500-8000 Hz for 8 hours per day during 5 consecutive days). DPOAEs were measured and compared in days zero (before exposure as baseline), eighth (experimental: an hour after latest exposure to NOISE for Temporary Threshold Shifts: TTS), tenth (experimental: 48 hours after latest exposure to NOISE for Permanent Threshold Shifts: PTSs).FINDINGS: The most and the least values of TTSs, PTSs and DPOAEs amplitude in NOISE group were correspond to frequencies of 5888.50 Hz and 588.00 Hz, respectively (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between TTSs, PTSs and DPOAEs amplitude at different frequencies in right and left ear of NOISE group (p<0.05). This difference was related to frequency 5888.5 Hz in each of right and left ear of NOISE group compared to other frequencies in same ear (p<0.05). There were not any significant difference between TTSs, PTSs and DPOAEs amplitude of right and left ear of NOISE group at different frequencies (p>0.05).CONCLUSION: Excessive NOISE can cause TTSs and NOISE-induced PTSs and decreased DPOAEs amplitudes. Therefore, DPOAEs can be attributed as a useful tool for study of NOISE-induced hearing loss.